Nomenclature of Carotenoids

Appendix

Some Naturally Occurring Carotenoids Having Trivial Names

Continued from Carotenoid rules 8 to 13 (The examples in this appendix are based on an exhaustive list of naturally occurring carotenoids prepared by Dr. O. Straub, which forms Chapter XII of a book "Carotenoids," O. Isler, Ed., Birkhäuser, Basel and Stuttgart, 1971. The two commissions are greatly.indebted to Dr. Isler, Dr. Straub, and their colleagues of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Co. Ltd., Basel, for providing this list of compounds. The list includes a few compounds whose natural occurrence or structure is doubtful, but whose systematic names illustrate particular points of nomenclature).

The printed version included structures. These have been omitted as they are readily available from the above reference or latter lists - H. Pfander ****

Contents

Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Glycosides
Ethers
Epoxides
Aldehydes
Acids and Acid Esters
Ketones
Esters of Alcohols
Apo Carotenoids
Nor and Seco Carotenoids
retro Carotenoids and retro Apo Carotenoids
Higher Carotenoids

Hydrocarbons

Lycopersene7,8,11,12,15,7',8',11',12',15'-Decahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene
Phytofluene
Hexahydrolycopene		15-cis-7,8,11,12,7',8'-Hexahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene
Torulene3',4'-Didehydro-β,ψ-carotene
α-Zeacarotene7',8'-Dihydro-ε,ψ-carotene

Alcohols

Alloxanthin
Cynthiaxanthin
Pectenoxanthin
Cryptomonaxanthin		(3R,3'R)-7,8,7',8'-Tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
Crustaxanthinβ,β-Carotene-3,4,3',4'-tetrol
Gazaniaxanthin(3R)-5'-cis-β,ψ-Caroten-3-ol
OH-Chlorobactene1',2'-Dihydro-φ,ψ-caroten-1'-ol
Loroxanthinβ,ε-Carotene-3,19,3'-triol
Lycoxanthinψ,ψ-Caroten-16-ol
Rhodopin1,2-Dihydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-l-ol
Rhodopinol
Warmingol		13-cis-1,2-Dihydro-ψ,ψ-carotene-1,20-diol
Saproxanthin3',4'-Didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,ψ-carotene-3,1'-diol

Glycosides

Oscillaxanthin2,2'-Bis(β-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene-1,1'-diol
Phleixanthophyll1'-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,ψ-caroten-2'-ol

Ethers

Rhodovibrin1'-Methoxy-3',4'-didehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-1-ol
Spheroidene1-Methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,7',8'-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene

Epoxides

Diadinoxanthin5,6-Epoxy-7',8'-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3-diol
Luteoxanthin5,6: 5',8'-Diepoxy-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
Mutatoxanthin
Citroxanthin
Zeaxanthin
    furanoxide		5,8-Epoxy-5,8-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
Neochrome
Foliachrome
Trollichrome		5',8'-Epoxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,3'-triol
Vaucheriaxanthin5',6'-Epoxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,19,3'-tetrol

Aldehydes

Rhodopinal
Wamingone		13-cis-1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-20-al
Torularhodinaldehyde3',4'-Didehydro-β,ψ-caroten-16'-al

Acids and Acid Esters

Torularhodin3',4'-Didehydro-β,ψ-caroten-16'-oic acid
Torularhodin
  methyl ester		Methyl 3',4'-didehydro-β,ψ-caroten-16'-oate

Ketones

Canthaxanthin
Aphanicin
Chlorellaxanthin		β,β-Carotene-4,4'-dione
Capsanthin(3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6'-one
Capsorubin(3S,5R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-κ,κ-carotene-6,6'-dione
Cryptocapsin(3'R,5'R)-3'-Hydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6'-one
2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin1,1'-Dimethoxy-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene-2,2'-dione
Flexixanthin3,1'-Dihydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,ψ-caroten-4-one
3-OH-Canthaxanthin
Adonirubin
Phoenicoxanthin		3-Hydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione
Hydroxyspheriodenone1'-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,1',2',7',8'-hexahydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-2-one
Okenone1'-Methoxy-1',2'-dihydro-χ,ψ-caroten-4'-one
Pectenolone3,3'-Dihydroxy-7',8'-didehydro-β,β-caroten-4-one
Phoeniconone
Dehydroadonirubin		3-Hydroxy-2,3-didehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione
Phoenicopteroneβ,ε-caroten-4-one
Rubixanthone3-Hydroxy-β,ψ-caroten-4'-one
Siphonaxanthin3,19,3'-Trihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one

Esters of Alcohols

Astacein3,3'-Bispalmitoyloxy-2,3,2',3'-tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione or
3,3'-dihydroxy-2,3,2',3'-tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione dipalmitate
Fucoxanthin3'-Acetoxy-5,6-epoxy-3,5'-dihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,6,7,8,5',6'-hexahydro-β,β-caroten-8-one
Isofucoxanthin3'-Acetoxy-3,5,5'-trihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,8,5',6'-tetrahydro-β,β-caroten-8-one
Physalien
Zeaxanthin
   dipalmitate		(3R,3'R)-3,3'-Bispalmitoyloxy-β,β-carotene or
(3R,3'R)-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol dipalmitate
Siphonein3,3'-Dihydroxy-19-lauroyloxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one or
3,19,3'-trihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one 19-laurate

Apo Carotenoids

β-Apo-2'-carotenal3',4'-Didehydro-2'-apo-β-caroten-2'-al
Apo-2-lycopenal
Apo-6'-lycopenal		6'-Apo-ψ-caroten-6'-al
Azafrinaldehyde5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-10'-apo-β-caroten-10'-al
Bixin6'-Methyl hydrogen 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioate
Citranaxanthin5',6'-Dihydro-5'-apo-β-caroten-6'-one or
5',6'-dihydro-5'-apo-18'-nor-β-caroten-6'-one or
6'-methyl-6'-apo-β-caroten-6'-one
Crocetin8,8'-Diapo-8,8'-carotenedioic acid
Crocetinsemialdehyde8'-Oxo-8,8'-diato-8-carotenoic acid
CrocinDigentiobiosyl 8,8'-diapo-8,8'-carotenedioate
Hopkinsiaxanthin3-Hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-7',8'-dihydro-7'-apo-β-carotene-4,8'-dione or
3-hydroxy-8'-methyl-7,8-didehydro-8'-apo-β-carotene-4,8'-dione
Methyl
   apo-6'-lycopenoate		Methyl 6'-apo-β-caroten-6'-oate
Paracentrone3,5-Dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,7',8'-tetrahydro-7'-apo-β-caroten-8'-one or
3,5-dihydroxy-8'-methyl-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-8'-apo-β-caroten-8'-one
Sintaxanthin7',8'-Dihydro-7'-apo-β-caroten-8'-one or
8'-methyi-8'-apo-β-caroten-8'-one

Nor and Seco Carotenoids

Actinioerythrin3,3'-Bisacyloxy-2,2'-dinor-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione
β-Carotenone5,6:5',6'-Diseco-β,β-carotene-5,6,5',6'-tetrone
Peridinin3'-Acetoxy-5,6-epoxy-3,5'-dihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-12',13',20'-trinor-β,β-caroten-19,11-olide
Pyrrhoxanthininol5,6-epoxy-3,3'-dihydroxy-7',8'-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12',13',20'-trinor-β,β-caroten-19,11-olide
Semi-α-carotenone5,6-Seco-β,ε-carotene-5,6-dione
Semi-β-carotenone5,6-seco-β,β-carotene-5,6-dione or
5',6'-seco-β,β-carotene-5',6'-dione
Triphasiaxanthin
3-Hydroxysemi-β-carotenone		3'-Hydroxy-5,6-seco-β,β-carotene-5,6-dione or
3-hydroxy-5',6'-seco-β,β-carotene-5',6'-dione

retro Carotenoids and retro Apo Carotenoids

Eschscholtzxanthin4',5'-Didehydro-4,5'-retro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
Eschscholtzxanthone3'-Hydroxy-4',5'-didehydro-4,5'-retro-β,β-caroten-3-one
Rhodoxanthin4',5'-Didehydro-4,5'-retro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-dione
Tangeraxanthin3-Hydroxy-5'-methyl-4,5'-retro-5'-apo-β-caroten-5'-one or
3-hydroxy-4,5'-retro-5'-apo-β-caroten-5'-one
No trivial name7,8-Dihydro-8,7'-retro-β,β-carotene or
7,7'-dihydro-β,β-Carotene

Higher Carotenoids

Nonaprenoxanthin2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-7',8',11',12'-tetrahydro-ε,ψ-carotene
Decaprenoxanthin2,2'-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-ε,ε-carotene
C.p. 4502-[4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-butenyl]-2'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-β,β-carotene
C.p. 4732'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-3',4'-didehydro-l',2'-dihydro-β,ψ-caroten-1'-ol
Bacterioruberin2,2'-Bis(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene-1,1'-diol

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