![[sigma]](../greek/SIGMA.GIF)
-constant
ABRAHAM, M. H., GRELLIER, P. L., and MCGILL, R. A. (1988), J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 339-345. solvophobicity parameter
ADAMS, D. L. (1992), J. Chem. Educ., 69, 451-452. regioselectivity
AHRLAND, S. (1979), Pure Appl. Chem., 51, 2019-2039. hydration
ALBERY, W. J. (1967), Prog. Reaction Kinetics, 4, 353-398. potential energy (reaction) surface
ALBERY, W. J. (1980), Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 31, 227-263. Marcus equation
ARGILE, A., CAREY, A. R. E., FUKATA, G., HARCOURT, M., MORE O'FERRALL, R. A., and MURPHY, M. G. (1985), Isr. J. Chem., 26, 303-312. reactivity-selectivity principle
ATKINS, P. W. (1974), "Quanta: a Handbook of Concepts", Clarendon Press, Oxford. aromatic, electronegativity, resonance
BALDWIN, J. E. (1976), J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 734-736. Baldwin's rules
BARTLETT, P. D. (Ed.) (1965), "Nonclassical Ions", Benjamin, New York. nonclassical carbocation
BARTMESS, J. R., and MC IVER, R. T. (1979), "Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry", Vol. 2, (BOWERS, M.-T., Ed.), Academic Press, New York, Chap. 11. gas phase acidity
BENSON, S. W. (1976), "Thermochemical Kinetics", Second Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York. additivity principle
BENTLEY, T. W., and LLEWELLYN, G. (1990), Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 17, 121-158. Grunwald-Winstein equation
BENTLEY, T. W., and SCHLEYER, P. v. R. (1977), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 14, 1-67. Grunwald-Winstein equation
BERNASCONI, C. F. (1976), "Relaxation Kinetics", Academic Press, New York. chemical relaxation
BERNASCONI, C. F. (1992), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 27, 119-238. imbalance, synchronization
BERSON, J. A. (1972), Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 406-414. subjacent orbital
BINSCH, G., ELIEL, E. L., and KESSLER, H. (1971), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 10, 570-572. degenerate rearrangement
BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE (1992). JCBN/NC-IUBMB Newsletter, in "Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents", 2nd edn., Portland Press, London, 335. ligand
BORDWELL, F. G., and LYNCH, T.-Y. (1989), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 7558-7562. captodative effect
BREDT, J. (1924), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 437, 1-13. Bredt's rule
BROOKHART, M., and GREEN, M. L. H. (1983), J. Organomet. Chem., 250, 395-408. agostic
BUNCEL, E., CRAMPTON, M. R., STRAUSS, M. J., and TERRIER, F. (1984), "Electron Deficient Aromatic- and Heteroaromatic- Base Interactions. The Chemistry of Anionic Sigma Complexes". Elsevier, Amsterdam. Meisenheimer adduct
BUNCEL, E., and RAJAGOPAL, S. (1990), Acc. Chem. Res., 23, 226-231. solvatochromism
BUNCEL, E., and WILSON, H. (1987), J. Chem. Educ., 64, 475-480. reactivity-selectivity principle
BUNNETT, J. F., and OLSEN, F. P. (1966), Can. J. Chem., 44, 1899-1916, 1917-1931. Bunnett-Olsen equation
BURKERT, U., and ALLINGER, N. L. (1982), "Molecular Mechanics", ACS Monograph 177, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. molecular mechanics calculations
CANNON, R. D. (1980), "Electron Transfer Reactions", Butterworths, London. intrinsic barrier
CAREY, F. A., and SUNDBERG, R. J. (1990), "Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A", Plenum, New York, p. 133-138. A-value
CHAPMAN, N. B., and SHORTER, J. (Eds.) (1972), "Advances in Linear Free Energy Relationships", Plenum, New York. correlation analysis, extended Hammett equation, -constant
CHAPMAN, N. B., and SHORTER, J. (Eds.) (1978), "Correlation Analysis in Chemistry: Recent Advances", Plenum, New York. extended Hammett equation, Ritchie equation, -constant
CHARTON, M. (1984), J. Org. Chem., 49, 1997-2001. Swain-Lupton equation
CHARTON, M. (1987), Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 16, 287-315. electromeric effect, extended Hammett equation, steric effect
CHARTON, M. (1989), "The Chemistry of Double-Bonded Functional Groups". Supplement A, Volume 2 (PATAI, S., Ed.), Wiley, Chichester, Chap. 5. quantitative structure-activity realtionships (QSAR)
CHASTRETTE, M., RAJZMANN, M., CHANON, M., and PURCELL, K. F. (1985), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 1-11. Hildebrand parameter
CODATA (1974), Codata Bulletin No. 13, Dec. 1974, p. 4. rate of reaction
CONNOR, K. A. (1991), "Chemical Kinetics", VCH, New York, p. 368. compensation effect
COX, R. A., and YATES, K. (1978), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 3861-3867. Cox-Yates equation
COX, R. A., and YATES, K. (1981), Can. J. Chem., 59, 2116-2124. Cox-Yates equation
COX, R. A., and YATES, K. (1983), Can. J. Chem., 61, 2225-2243. acidity function
CRAM, D. J., HO, S. P., KNOBLER, C. B., MAVERICK, E., and TRUEBLOOD, K. N. (1986), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 2989-2998. crown
DANHEISER, R. L., GERE, S. K., and SARD, H. (1982), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 7670-7672. annulation
DEWAR, M. J. S. (1969), "The Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemistry", McGraw-Hill, New York. Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle
DEWAR, M. J. S. (1971), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 10, 761-776. aromatic, chelotropic reaction
DIETRICH, B., LEHN, J. M., and SAUVAGE, J. P. (1969), Tetrahedron Lett., 2889-2892. cryptand
DIMROTH, K., REICHARDT, C., SIEPMANN, T., and BOHLMANN, F. (1963), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 661, 1-37. Dimroth-Reichardt ET-parameter
EBERSON, L. (1987), "Electron Transfer Reactions in Organic Chemistry", Springer, Berlin. electron transfer catalysis, outer sphere (electron transfer)
EHRENSON, S., BROWNLEE, R. T. C., and TAFT, R. W. (1973), Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 10, 1-80. dual substituent parameter equation, electromeric effect, inductive effect
ELIEL, E. L. (1962), "Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds", McGraw Hill, New York. Curtin-Hammett principle, stereoselective, stereospecific
EXNER, O. (1973), Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 10, 411-482. isokinetic relationship
EXNER, O. (1988), "Correlation Analysis of Chemical Data", Plenum, New York, SNTL, Prague. reactivity-selectivity principle
FAINBERG A. H., and WINSTEIN, S. (1956), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 2770-2777. Grunwald-Winstein equation
FALBE, J., REGITZ, M. (Eds) (1990), Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Vol. 3. Thieme, Stuttgart. halochromism
FARCASIU, D. (1975), J. Chem. Educ., 52, 76-79. Hammond principle
FAWCETT, F. S. (1950), Chem. Rev., 47, 219-274. Bredt's rule
FLEMING, I. (1976), "Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions", Wiley, New York. frontier orbital
FUKUI, K., YONEZAWA, T., and SHINGU, H. (1952), J. Chem. Phys., 20, 722-725. frontier orbital
GARRATT, P. J. (1986), "Aromaticity", Wiley, New York. aromatic
GIESE, B. (1984), Acc. Chem. Res., 17, 438-442. isoselective relationship
GILLESPIE, R. J. (1968), Acc. Chem. Res., 1, 202-209. superacid
GOLD, V. (1969), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 7, 259-331. fractionation factor, isotopic
GOLD, V. (1979), Nouveau J. Chim., 3, 69-71. chemical flux
GOMPPER, R. (1964), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 3, 560-570. ambident
GRILLER, D., and INGOLD, K. U. (1976), Acc. Chem. Res., 9, 13-19. persistent
GROB, C. A. (1969), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 8, 535-546. fragmentation
GRUNWALD, E., and WINSTEIN, S. (1948), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 846-854. Grunwald-Winstein equation
GULDBERG, C. M., and WAAGE, P. (1879), J. prakt. Chem., 19, 69-114. mass-law effect
GUTMANN, V. (1976), Coord. Chem. Rev., 18, 225-255. acceptor number (AN), donor number (DN)
HALEVI, E. A. (1992), "Orbital Symmetry and Reaction Mechanisms. The Ocams View", Springer, Berlin. orbital symmetry
HAMMETT, L. P. (1940, 1970), "Physical Organic Chemistry", 1st and 2nd editions, McGraw Hill, New York. acidity function, Bunnett-Olsen equation, Hammett equation, Zucker-Hammett hypothesis
HAMMOND, G. S. (1955), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 334-338. Hammond principle
HANSCH, C., and LEO, A. J. (1979), "Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology", Wiley, New York. Hansch constant
HANSCH, C., LEO, A., and TAFT, R. W. (1991), Chem. Rev., 91, 165-195. Swain-Lupton equation
HANZLIK, R. P., HOGBERG, K., and JUDSON, C. M. (1984), Biochemistry, 23, 3048-3055. NIH-shift
HARTMANNS, J., KLENKE, K., and METZGER, J. O. (1986), Chem. Ber., 119, 488-499. comproportionation
HASSNER, A. (1968), J. Org. Chem., 33, 2684-2686. regioselectivity
HEHRE, W. J., DITCHFIELD, R., RADOM, L., and POPLE, J. A. (1970), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 4796-4801. isodesmic reaction
HEILBRONNER, E. (1964), Tetrahedron Lett., 1923-1928. Möbius aromaticity
HENDRICKSON, J. B., CRAM, D. J., and HAMMOND, G. S. (1970), "Organic Chemistry", 3rd edition, McGraw Hill, New York. Chapter 18. oxidation
HINE, J. (1977), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 15, 1-61. least nuclear motion, principle of
HIRSCH, J. A. (1967), Top. in Stereochem., 1, 199-222. A-value
HO, T.-L. (1977), "Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry", Academic Press, New York. hard acid, symbiosis
HOEFNAGEL, A. J., OOSTERBEEK, W., and WEPSTER, B. M. (1984), J. Org. Chem. , 49, 1993-1997. Swain-Lupton equation
HOFFMANN, R. (1982), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 21, 711-724. radical
HOFMANN, A. W. (1851), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 78, 253-286; 79, 11-39. Hofmann rule
HOZ, S. and BUNCEL, E. (1985), Isr. J. Chem., 26, 313-319. ![[alpha]](../greek/ALPHA.GIF)
-effect
HUISGEN, R. (1968), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 7, 321-328. cycloaddition
HUISGEN, R., GRASHEY, R., and SAUER, J. (1964), "The Chemistry of Alkenes", (PATAI, S., Ed.), Wiley Interscience, London, p. 739. cycloaddition
INGOLD, C. K. (1953), "Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry", Cornell University Press, New York. electromeric effect, inductomeric effect, partial rate factor, polarizability, tautomerism
ISAACS, N. S. (1987), "Physical Organic Chemistry", Longman, Essex. Curtin-Hammett principle
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*IUPAC COMPENDIUM (1987). IUPAC: Compendium of Chemical Terminology, (GOLD, V., LOENING, K. L., MCNAUGHT, A. D., and SEHMI, P., Eds.), Blackwell, Oxford. scavenger
*IUPAC INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE (1990). IUPAC: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Recommendations 1990, (LEIGH, G. J., Ed.), Blackwell, Oxford. complex, coordination number, hapto, oxidation, oxidation number
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*IUPAC MANUAL (1979). IUPAC: Manual of symbols and terminology for physico-chemical quantities and units. Pure Appl. Chem., 51, 1-41. Gibbs energy, ligand, rate of reaction
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*IUPAC MASS SPECTROSCOPY (1991). IUPAC: Physical Chemistry Division: Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy. Pure Appl. Chem., 63, 1541. fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy
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*IUPAC NOMENCLATURE GUIDE (1993). IUPAC: Organic Chemistry Division: Commission on Organic Nomenclature. Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993. carbocation, carbonium ion, radical
*IUPAC ORGANIC RULES (1979). IUPAC: Nomenclature of organic chemistry: definitive rules, 1979. Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H. Pergamon Press, Oxford. anti
*IUPAC PHOTOCHEMICAL GLOSSARY (1988). IUPAC: Organic Chemistry Division: Commission on Photochemistry. Glossary of Terms Used in Photochemistry. Pure Appl. Chem., 60, 1055-1106.
*IUPAC PHOTOCHEMICAL GLOSSARY (1992). IUPAC: Organic Chemistry Division: Commission on Photochemistry. Glossary of Terms Used in Photochemistry. Draft 1, provisional. biradical, bathochromic shift, charge transfer complex; configuration (electronic), excimer, exciplex, hypsochromic shift, inner sphere (electron transfer), quantum yield, relaxation
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*IUPAC POLYMERS (1981). IUPAC: Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature. Stereochemical definitions and notations relating to polymers. Pure Appl. Chem., 53, 733-752. stereospecificity
*IUPAC QUANTITIES (1988). IUPAC: Physical Chemistry Division: Commission on Physicochemical Symbols, Terminology and Units."Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry", MILLS, I. CVITAS, T., HOMANN, K., KALLAY, N., and KUCHITSU, K., Eds.), Blackwell, Oxford.
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IUPAC TERMINOLOGY FOR TRANSFORMATIONS (1989). IUPAC: Organic Chemistry Division: Commission on Physical Organic Chemistry. Terminology for Organic Chemical Transformations. Pure Appl. Chem., 61, 725-768. transformation
JACKSON, C. J., GAZZOLO, F. H. (1900),Am. Chem.Soc., 23, 376-396. Meisenheimer adduct
JEFFORD, C. W., BERNARDINELLI, G., WANG, Y., SPELLMEYER, D. C., BUDA, A., and HOUK, K. N. (1992), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 1157-1165. torquoselectivity
JENCKS, W. P. (1972), Chem. Rev., 72, 705-718. More O'Ferrall-Jencks diagram, potential energy (reaction) surface
JENCKS, W. P. (1980), Acc. Chem. Res., 13, 161-169. More O'Ferrall-Jencks diagram
JENCKS, W. P. (1985), Chem. Rev., 85, 511-527. Bell-Evans-Polayi principle, potential energy (reaction) surface
JOHNSON, C. D. (1973), "The Hammett Equation", Cambridge University Press. -constant
JOHNSON, C. D. (1975), Chem. Rev., 75, 755-765. reactivity-selectivity principle
JORGENSEN, W. L., and SALEM, L. (1973), "The Organic Chemist's Book of Orbitals", Academic Press, New York. sigma, pi
JUNG, M.E. (1976), Tetrahedron, 32, 3-31. annulation
KAMLET, M. J., ABBOUD, J. L. M., and TAFT, R. W. (1981), Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 13, 485-630. Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters
KEESE, R., and KREBS, E.-P. (1972), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 11, 518-520. Bredt's rule
KIRKWOOD, J. G., and WESTHEIMER, F. H. (1938), J. Chem. Phys., 6, 506-512, 513-517. field effect
KLYNE, W., and PRELOG, V. (1960), Experientia, 16, 521-523. anti
KOHNSTAM, G. (1967), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 5, 121-172. heat capacity of activation
KOPPEL, I. A., and PALM, V. A. (1972), "Advances in Linear Free Energy Relationships". (CHAPMAN, N. B., and SHORTER, J., Eds), Plenum Press, New York, Chap. 5. Koppel-Palm solvent parameters
KOSOWER, E. M. (1958), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 3253-3260. Z-value
KOSOWER, E. M. (1968), "An Introduction to Physical Organic Chemistry". Wiley, New York. cybotactic region
LEHN, J.-M. (1993), Science, 260, 1762-1763. supramolecule
LEFFLER, J. E. (1953), Science, 117, 340-341. Hammond principle
LEFFLER, J. E. (1955), J. Org. Chem., 20, 1202-1231. isokinetic realtionship
LEFFLER, J. E., and GRUNWALD, E. (1963), "Rates and Equilibria of Organic Reactions", Wiley, New York, pp. 77-86. chemical relaxation, Hammond principle
LIAS, S. G., LIEBMAN, J. F., and LEVIN, R. P. (1984), J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 695-808. proton affinity
LITTLER, J. S. (1970), "Essays on Free-Radical Chemistry". Special Publication No. 24, p. 383. Chemical Society, London. outer sphere (electron transfer)
LONG, F. A., and PAUL, M. A. (1957), Chem. Rev., 57, 935-1010. Zucker-Hammett hypothesis
LUCCHINI, V., MODENA, G., SCORRANO, G., COX, R. A., and YATES, K. (1982), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 1958-1959. Cox-Yates equation
LUO, X.-L., and CRABTREE, R. H. (1989), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 2527-2535. agostic
LWOWSKI, W. (1970), "Nitrenes", Interscience, New York. nitrene
MARCUS, R. A. (1964), Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 15, 155-196. Marcus equation
MARCUS, R. A. (1966), J. Chem. Phys., 45, 4493-4499, 4500-4504. reaction coordinate
MARKOWNIKOFF, W. (1870), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 153, 228-259 (p 256). Markownikoff rule
MASLAK, P., and NARVAEZ, J. N. (1990), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 29, 283-285. mesolytic cleavage
MAYO, P. DE (1980), "Rearrangements in Ground and Excited States", Vols. I-III, Academic Press, New York. molecular rearrangement
MORE O'FERRALL, R. A. (1970), J. Chem. Soc. (B), 274-277. More O'Ferrall-Jencks diagram, potential energy (reaction) surface
MULLIKEN, R. S. (1955), J. Chem. Phys., 23, 1833-1840, 1841-1846, 2338-2342, 2343-2346. charge population
OLAH, G. A. (1985), "Superacids". Wiley, New York. superacid
OLAH, G. A. (Ed.) (1990), "Cage Hydrocarbons". Wiley, New York. cage compound
OLAH, G. A., and OLAH, J. A. (1970), "Carbonium Ions" Vol. II, (OLAH, G. A., and SCHLEYER, P. v. R., Eds.), Wiley, New York, p. 715. superacid
OLAH, G. A., and SCHLEYER, P. v. R. (1972), "Carbonium Ions", Vols I-V, Wiley, New York. carbocation, carbonium ion
OLAH, G. A., SURYA PRAKASH, G. K., WILLIAMS, R. E., FIELD, L. D., and WADE, K. (1987), "Hypervalent Chemistry", Wiley, New York. bridged carbocation
PAULING, L. (1967), "The Chemical Bond", Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. bond
PEARSON, R. G. (1963), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 3533-3539. hard acid
PEARSON, R. G. (1973), "Introduction to Hard and Soft Acids and Bases". Dowden, Hutchinson, Ross, Stroudsburg. hard acid
PEDERSEN, C. J. (1967), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 7017-7036. crown
RADOM, L. (1982), Progr. Theor. Org. Chem., 3, 1. hyperconjugation
REETZ, M. (1972), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 11, 129-130, 130-131. dyotropic rearrangement
REICHARDT, C. (1965), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 4, 29-40. solvent parameter
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REYNOLDS, W. F., and TOPSOM, R. D. (1984), J. Org. Chem., 49, 1989-1992. Swain-Lupton equation
RITCHIE, C. D. (1972), Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 348-354. Ritchie equation
RITCHIE, C. D. (1978), Pure Appl Chem., 50, 1281-1290. Ritchie equation
RITCHIE, C. D. (1986), Can. J. Chem., 64, 2239-2250. Ritchie equation
ROCHESTER, C. H. (1970), "Acidity Functions", Academic Press, New York. acidity function
ROSS, J. A., SEIDERS, R. P., and LEMAL, D. M. (1976), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 4325-4327. pseudopericyclic
SALEM, L. (1971), Acc. Chem. Res., 4, 322-328. narcissistic reaction
SAYTZEFF, A. (1875), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 179, 296-301. Saytzeff rule
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SEEBACH, D. (1979), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 18, 239-258. umpolung
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SHORTER, J. (1973), "Correlation Analysis in Organic Chemistry: An Introduction to Linear Free Energy Relationships", Oxford University Press. -constant, Yukawa-Tsuno equation
SIEHL, H.-U. (1987), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 23, 63-163. isotopic perturbation, method of
SMITH, P. A. S., and DeWALL, G. L. (1977), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 5751-5760. ambident
STEWART, G. W., and MORROW, R. M. (1927), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 13, 222-223. cybotactic region
STOCK, L. M., and BROWN, H. C. (1963), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 1, 35-154. partial rate factor, reactivity-selectivity principle, selectivity factor
SUSTMANN, R., and KORTH, H.-G. (1990), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 26, 131-178. captodative effect
SWAIN, C. G. (1984), J. Org. Chem., 49, 2005-2010. Swain-Lupton equation
SWAIN. C. G., and LUPTON, E. C. (1968), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 4328-4337. Swain-Lupton equation
SWAIN, C. G., and SCOTT, C. B. (1953), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 141-147. Swain-Scott equation
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TISLER, M. (1973), Synthesis, 123-136. valence tautomerism
TROST, B. M. (1980), Acc. Chem. Res., 13, 385-393. chemoselective, chemoselectivity
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WEBER, A., and VÖGTLE, F. (1980), Inorg. Chim. Acta, 45, L65-L67. cryptand
WILLIAMS, A. (1984), Acc. Chem. Res., 17, 425-430. effective charge, Hammond principle
WILLIAMS, A. (1992), Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 27, 1-55. effective charge
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